NCERT Class 9 Social Science text removes European revolutions, adds medieval Indian resistance

The latest edition of the NCERT Class 9 Social Science textbook has removed content on the French and Russian revolutions, replacing it with material on resistance movements in medieval India. The revised curriculum shifts emphasis to armed resistance by Sikhs, Jats, Rajputs, and Ahoms against foreign invasions, and explores how Indian wealth triggered foreign incursions.

The changes reflect a broader pedagogical reorientation in the textbook's treatment of historical narratives, moving away from European history lessons toward domestic historical movements.