Operation Polo: How India's 1948 Military Action Reshaped the Nation
On September 13, 1948, India launched Operation Polo, a military operation against the princely state of Hyderabad. The campaign lasted only five days but had lasting consequences for the nation's political geography.
The operation marked a significant moment in India's early history as an independent nation, demonstrating New Delhi's resolve to integrate princely states into the Indian Union. Hyderabad, one of the largest and most powerful princely states, had resisted accession to India.
