What is holding back India-China economic ties?

India and China, despite their large economies and geographic proximity, face significant constraints on deepening economic ties. Multiple factors, including geopolitical tensions, border disputes, and structural trade imbalances, have impeded closer integration of their markets.

The relationship remains marked by caution on both sides, with security concerns and strategic competition limiting joint ventures and investments. These underlying tensions have prevented the two nations from realizing the full economic potential of their bilateral relationship.