Indian agriculture enters new phase as diets, incomes, climate reshape farming

Indian agriculture is transitioning into a new phase shaped by changing dietary patterns, rising incomes, and climate pressures, according to a recent report. The first phase of agricultural development, spanning roughly 1967 to 1995, was primarily driven by the need to achieve food security across the country.

The shift marks a departure from earlier decades when the focus was on maximizing production to meet basic nutritional needs. Today, farmers and the sector face complex pressures including evolving consumer preferences, improved household purchasing power, and environmental challenges that demand a recalibration of farming practices and crop choices.